How to Find Undervalued Stocks for Long-Term Investment?

Q: Which sectors usually have the most undervalued stocks?

The banking, pharmaceutical, energy, infrastructure, and manufacturing sectors often have undervalued stocks.

11.Apr.2025
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One key strategy of value investing is identifying relevant stocks for long-term investment. This is where the undervalued stocks come into the scene. These are stocks trading below their intrinsic or true value but can maximise long-term gains while minimising risks.

This blog is a step-by-step guide on the key techniques, valuation metrics, and practical steps for finding the best undervalued stocks in India.

Why Invest in Undervalued Stocks?

Undervalued stocks are priced lower than their actual worth and do not reflect their true market value. The difference between the market price and actual value may be due to market setbacks, macroeconomic factors, cyclic trends, or the inability to grab investors’ attention. Some advantages of investing in undervalued stocks include the following:

Higher Returns: As the stock price meets its true value, investors benefit from capital appreciation.
Lower Risk: The downside risk is relatively lower compared to overvalued stocks as these stocks trade at a discount,
Stable Growth: These stocks belong to companies with strong fundamentals; hence one can expect stable growth in the long term.

How to Find Undervalued Stocks?

Identifying undervalued stocks requires qualitative and quantitative analysis using key financial metrics. Here are the best techniques to identify such stocks:

Quantitative Analysis

Fundamental analysis is the foundation of value investing. It involves evaluating a company’s financial health, profitability, and future growth potential. Below are some key indicators of undervalued stocks:

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio: The P/E ratio shows how much you would spend to make a profit of ₹1. A low P/E ratio compared to industry peers indicates a stock may be undervalued.
Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio: The P/B ratio is used to assess the current market price against the company’s book value. A P/B ratio below 1 implies that a stock is trading below its book value.
Debt-to-Equity (D/E) Ratio: To obtain the D/E ratio, a company’s debt is measured against its equities. A lower debt-to-equity ratio signifies a strong balance sheet with manageable debt levels.
Dividend Yield: It is measured by the annual dividend paid by the company divided by its share price. Solid dividend yields indicate financial stability and sustainability.
Free Cash Flow (FCF): Free cash flow is the cash generated after capital expenditure. Positive FCF shows a company’s strong growth potential.
Return on Equity (ROE) & Return on Assets (ROA): ROE and ROA measure a company’s profitability against its equity and its assets, respectively. High ROE and ROA indicate the company’s substantial income relative to shareholders’ investment.

Qualitative Analysis

Screening just the numbers is not enough. You also need to consider qualitative factors such as:

Market Trends: Analysing factors such as industry cycles, economic policies, and global trends that influence stock valuations can help in identifying opportunities.
Comparison to Peers: You can find out whether a company is undervalued or overvalued by comparing a stock’s financial metrics against its peers in the same industry.
Competitive Advantage: A company with a competitive advantage or moat in the market is more likely to generate sustained profits in the long run.

Valuation Techniques to Find Undervalued Stocks

Valuation techniques provide you with actionable ways to detect undervalued stocks. Below are some of the techniques to identify undervalued stocks

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) – DCF is used to determine whether a stock is priced below its true worth, even with good fundamentals. In this method, the intrinsic value of a stock is calculated by projecting its future cash flows and discounting them to their present value.
Relative Valuation – Relative valuation compares stocks in the same sector to find out if they are undervalued. A comparison is made for a company’s key metrics, such as Price-to-Earnings (P/E), Price-to-Book (P/B), and Return on Equity (ROE) against industry or market averages.
Net Asset Value (NAV) – The NAV method is particularly useful for asset-heavy industries like real estate or infrastructure. It evaluates a company’s total assets minus its liabilities, to find out whether a stock’s market price undervalues its net worth.

How to Differentiate Between Undervalued and Bad Stocks?

While picking undervalued stocks, it is important to differentiate between undervalued and bad stocks. The table below will help understand the difference between the two:

Factor	Undervalued Stocks	Bad Stocks
Financial Health	Are fundamentally strong	Have weak financials. Red flags such as high debt levels and declining revenue can indicate deeper issues.
Growth Potential	They have a promising long-term scalability.	Stocks belonging to a declining industry may be considered a waste.
Management	Experienced and stable leadership is a feature of undervalued stocks.	May lack strong or consistent leadership.
Debt Levels	They will have manageable debt levels.	They will have high debts and poor liquidity.
Profitability	Companies with undervalued stocks will exhibit consistent earnings.	While companies with bad stocks will bear frequent losses.

Conclusion

There is no single way to find undervalued stocks. Finding such stocks requires a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses and knowledge of key valuation techniques. You can take a disciplined approach to growth investing in the stock market or seek the help of a trusted broker, such as Torus Digital, to identify promising stocks and achieve significant returns over time.